MOESM1 of MicroRNAs in bovine milk exosomes are bioavailable in humans but do not elicit a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response

Additional file 1. Box plots of TNF-alpha, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations secreted by human PBMCs ex vivo. PBMCs were isolated before and six hours after milk consumption and incubated with or without ConA for 48 h. Boxes represents the 5th and 95th percentiles, horizontal bars are the medians, and error bars indicate the maximum values. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus milk-free and ConA-free controls. (Friedman rank sum test followed by pairwise comparisons using Nemenyi multiple comparison test; n = 12). ConA Concanavalin A, IL Interleukin, TNF-alpha Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.