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Hybrid redox flow cells with enhanced electrochemical performance via binderless and electrophoretically deposited nitrogen-doped graphene on carbon paper electrodes

journal contribution
posted on 2022-07-15, 14:58 authored by Barun ChakrabartiBarun Chakrabarti, Magdalena Titirici, Brandon, Nigel P, Chee Tong John Low, Chandramohan George, Jingyuan Feng

 Hybrid redox flow cells (HRFC) are key enablers for the development of reliable large-scale energy storage systems; however, their high cost, limited cycle performance, and incompatibilities associated with the commonly used carbon-based electrodes undermine HRFC’s commercial viability. While this is often linked to lack of suitable electrocatalytic materials capable of coping with HRFC electrode processes, the combinatory use of nanocarbon additives and carbon paper electrodes holds new promise. Here, by coupling electrophoretically deposited nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) with carbon electrodes, their surprisingly beneficial effects on three types of HRFCs, namely, hydrogen/vanadium (RHVFC), hydrogen/manganese (RHMnFC), and polysulfide/air (S-Air), are revealed. RHVFCs offer efficiencies over 70% at a current density of 150 mA cm–2 and an energy density of 45 Wh L–1 at 50 mA cm–2, while RHMnFCs achieve a 30% increase in energy efficiency (at 100 mA cm–2). The S-Air cell records an exchange current density of 4.4 × 10–2 mA cm–2, a 3-fold improvement of kinetics compared to the bare carbon paper electrode. We also present cost of storage at system level compared to the standard all-vanadium redox flow batteries. These figures-of-merit can incentivize the design, optimization, and adoption of high-performance HRFCs for successful grid-scale or renewable energy storage market penetration. 

Funding

ISCF Wave 1: 3D electrodes from 2D materials

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

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