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Diversity high up: a cloud forest of the Serra da Mantiqueira as a vascular epiphyte hotspot

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modified on 2018-02-19, 12:40
Supplementary material
Furtado & Menini Neto, Diversity high up: a cloud forest of the Serra da Mantiqueira as a vascular epiphyte hotspot. Rodriguésia 69(2) 2018

Abstract
The diversity of montane environments is dictated by a variety of environmental conditions. Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is located in the Serra da Mantiqueira, between ~1,000–1,800 m, and harbors approximately 300 ha of cloud forests. The composition of vascular epiphytes was determined by analyzing data from expeditions conducted between July 2014 and July 2015, and specimens deposited at herbaria. The 224 species were distributed into 82 genera of which Pleurothallis s.l. was the richest (13 spp.) and 22 families of which Orchidaceae was the richest (87 spp.). This richness corresponds to approximately 9.5% of the vascular epiphytic flora of the Atlantic Forest concentrated in an area that comprises 0.00085% of this phytogeographic domain, which represents one of the largest diversities ever sampled in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This fact is more relevant given that 13 species are threatened at the country level and 23 at the state level.


Resumo
A diversidade dos ambientes montanos é condicionada por inúmeras variáveis ambientais. O Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca está localizado na Serra da Mantiqueira, entre ~1.000-1.800 m, e abriga cerca de 300 ha de florestas nebulares. A composição de epífitas vasculares foi determinada pela análise dos dados de expedições, realizadas entre julho de 2014 e julho de 2015, e espécimes depositados em herbários. Foram registradas 224 espécies distribuídas em 82 gêneros dos quais Pleurothallis s.l. foi o mais rico (13 spp.) e 22 famílias das quais Orchidaceae foi a mais rica (87 spp.). Esta riqueza corresponde a aproximadamente 9,5% da flora de epífitas vasculares da Floresta Atlântica concentrados em uma área que compreende 0,00085% deste domínio fitogeográfico, representando uma das maiores diversidades já amostradas na Floresta Atlântica brasileira. Este fato é ainda mais relevante tendo em conta que 13 espécies estão ameaçadas a nível nacional e 23 em nível estadual.


Figure 1 – Location of Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Adapted from Oliveira-Filho et al. (2013).

Figure 2 – Vegetation of Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca – a. patches of cloud forest interspersed with campo rupestre;
b. detail of fog covering the forests and campo rupestre; c. general view of a cloud forest; d. detail of the canopy of
a cloud forest. e-g. interior view of the cloud forests.

Figure 3 – Representativity of the families of vascular
epiphytes and comparison with percentage of endemics
and threatened with extinction in the cloud forest of
Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Table 1 – Checklist of vascular epiphyte species recorded in cloud forests of the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Minas
Gerais, Brazil.

Table 2 – Comparison of species richness in families of vascular epiphytes in some checklists of rainforests in Southeastern and Sothern Brazil.