Whole mitochondrial genomes unveil the impact of domestication on goat matrilineal variability
Posted on 2015-12-29 - 05:00
Abstract Background The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is the result of its medium size and high adaptability as multiple breeds. The extent to which its genetic variability was influenced by early domestication practices is largely unknown. A common standard by which to analyze maternally-inherited variability of livestock species is through complete sequencing of the entire mitogenome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). Results We present the first extensive survey of goat mitogenomic variability based on 84 complete sequences selected from an initial collection of 758 samples that represent 60 different breeds of C. hircus, as well as its wild sister species, bezoar (Capra aegagrus) from Iran. Our phylogenetic analyses dated the most recent common ancestor of C. hircus to ~460,000 years (ka) ago and identified five distinctive domestic haplogroups (A, B1, C1a, D1 and G). More than 90 % of goats examined were in haplogroup A. These domestic lineages are predominantly nested within C. aegagrus branches, diverged concomitantly at the interface between the Epipaleolithic and early Neolithic periods, and underwent a dramatic expansion starting from ~12–10 ka ago. Conclusions Domestic goat mitogenomes descended from a small number of founding haplotypes that underwent domestication after surviving the last glacial maximum in the Near Eastern refuges. All modern haplotypes A probably descended from a single (or at most a few closely related) female C. aegagrus. Zooarchaelogical data indicate that domestication first occurred in Southeastern Anatolia. Goats accompanying the first Neolithic migration waves into the Mediterranean were already characterized by two ancestral A and C variants. The ancient separation of the C branch (~130 ka ago) suggests a genetically distinct population that could have been involved in a second event of domestication. The novel diagnostic mutational motifs defined here, which distinguish wild and domestic haplogroups, could be used to understand phylogenetic relationships among modern breeds and ancient remains and to evaluate whether selection differentially affected mitochondrial genome variants during the development of economically important breeds.
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Colli, Licia; Lancioni, Hovirag; Cardinali, Irene; Olivieri, Anna; Capodiferro, Marco; Pellecchia, Marco; et al. (2016). Whole mitochondrial genomes unveil the impact of domestication on goat matrilineal variability. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3595787.v1
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AUTHORS (24)
LC
Licia Colli
HL
Hovirag Lancioni
IC
Irene Cardinali
AO
Anna Olivieri
MC
Marco Capodiferro
MP
Marco Pellecchia
MR
Marcin Rzepus
WZ
Wahid Zamani
SN
Saeid Naderi
FG
Francesca Gandini
SV
Seyed Vahidi
SA
Saif Agha
ER
Ettore Randi
VB
Vincenza Battaglia
MS
Maria Sardina
BP
Baldassare Portolano
HR
Hamid Rezaei
PL
Petros Lymberakis
FB
Frédéric Boyer
EC
Eric Coissac