Simulated long-term monthly ocean surface waves parameters from FIO-ESM v2.0 CMIP6 experiments for past, present, and future climate research

Ocean surface waves is a kind of motions occurring on the surface of the ocean and seas driven by winds. It can travel thousands of miles before reaching land with the height ranging from several centimeters to tens of meters. Therefore, ocean surface waves is significant to navigation safety, coastal activities at sea, and even plays a crucial role in global and regional climate systems. Due to the limited observations on ocean surface waves, numerical simulation is the primary method to be employed in the wave climate, especially in the future climate change scenario. Recently, based on the First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model version (FIO-ESM v1.0), which is the first ESM coupled with the ocean surface waves model and participated in CMIP5, FIO-ESM v2.0 has been frozen and carried out the CMIP6 experiments. There are four distinctive physical processes in FIO-ESM v2.0, including the wave-induced vertical mixing, the air-sea flux induced by Stokes drifts, the heat flux associated with sea spray, and the SST diurnal cycle scheme. FIO-ESM v2.0 was integrated for 1000 years under the preindustrial conditions (piControl experiment), and the model reached a quasi-equilibrium state after 300 years. Then FIO-ESM v2.0 conducted the historical simulation (A.D. 1850-2014), three future scenario experiments (ssp126, ssp245, and ssp585, A.D. 2015-2100), 1pctCO2 and abrupt-4xCO2 experiments from the January 1, 301a of piControl experiment. Compared with FIO-ESM v1.0, the simulated biases of FIO-ESM v2.0, especially in tropical and sub-tropical westerlies regions, are dramatically reduced. Moreover, FIO-ESM v2.0 could reproduce the different aspects of the climate system in global warming, surface temperatures, precipitation, and ocean circulation. This data collection consist of four monthly-mean wave parameters (significant wave height, mean wave direction, spectrum peak wave period, and zero-crossing wave period) from FIO-ESM v2.0 CMIP6 experiments, including 700 years piControl experiment (301-1000a), 165 years historical simulation (A.D. 1850-2014), three future scenario experiment (ssp125, ssp245, and ssp585) with 86 years (A.D. 2015-2100), 150 years 1pctCO2 experiment, and 150 years abrupt-4xCO2 experiment. The grid of data, named gx1v6, is the displaced pole (the North Pole displaced to Greenland) grid with 1.1 degrees in longitude and 0.27-0.54 degree in latitude.