Perfluoroalkyl
Acids (PFAAs) in Children’s
Serum and Contribution from PFAA-Contaminated Drinking Water
Version 2 2019-09-17, 15:50Version 2 2019-09-17, 15:50
Version 1 2019-09-16, 12:38Version 1 2019-09-16, 12:38
Posted on 2019-09-17 - 15:50
We
investigated associations between serum perfluoroalkyl acid
(PFAA) concentrations in children aged 4, 8, and 12 years (sampled
in 2008–2015; n = 57, 55, and 119, respectively)
and exposure via placental transfer, breastfeeding, and ingestion
of PFAA-contaminated drinking water. Sampling took place in Uppsala
County, Sweden, where the drinking water has been historically contaminated
with perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS),
perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), and
perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). PFOS showed the highest median concentrations
in serum (3.8–5.3 ng g–1 serum), followed
by PFHxS (1.6–5.0 ng g–1 serum), PFOA (2.0–2.5
ng g–1 serum), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) (0.59–0.69
ng g–1 serum) in children. Including all children,
serum PFOA, PFHxS, and PFOS concentrations in children increased 10,
10, and 1.3% (adjusted mean), respectively, per unit (ng g–1 serum) of increase in the maternal serum level (at delivery), the
associations being strongest for 4 year-old children. PFHxS and PFOS
significantly increased 3.9 and 3.8%, respectively, per month of nursing,
with the highest increase for 4 year-olds. PFOA, PFBS, PFHxS, and
PFOS increased 1.2, 207, 7.4, and 0.93%, respectively, per month of
cumulative drinking water exposure. Early life exposure to PFOA, PFHxS,
and PFOS is an important determinant of serum concentrations in children,
with the strongest influence on younger ages. Drinking water with
low to moderate PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA contamination is an important
source of exposure for children with background exposure from other
sources.
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Gyllenhammar, Irina; Benskin, Jonathan P.; Sandblom, Oskar; Berger, Urs; Ahrens, Lutz; Lignell, Sanna; et al. (2019). Perfluoroalkyl
Acids (PFAAs) in Children’s
Serum and Contribution from PFAA-Contaminated Drinking Water. ACS Publications. Collection. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01746