Low-Temperature-Processed
Transparent Electrodes Based
on Compact and Mesoporous Titanium Oxide Layers for Flexible Perovskite
Solar Cells
Posted on 2021-09-08 - 12:38
The
demand for lightweight, low-cost, flexible optoelectronic devices
poses unique challenges in terms of material selection, mechanical
stability, and fabrication processes. The use of flexible substrates
requires low-temperature processing and a replacement of brittle transparent
conductive oxides such as indium–tin-oxide (ITO), commonly
used as transparent electrodes. To this end, dielectric–metal–dielectric
(DMD) stacks have emerged as a compelling alternative to ITO. In this
study, sputter-deposited, niobium-doped TiO2 (TNO) is investigated
for the design of such flexible transparent DMD electrodes. Using
DC magnetron sputtering from a conductive oxide target allows for
high deposition rates, resulting in transparent TNO films even in
inert Ar atmosphere and without substrate heating. The combination
with ultrathin Ag and Au layers yields flexible DMD electrodes on
poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate with visible transmittance
above 0.70 and sheet resistance below 10 Ω/sq. Bending tests
show superior mechanical stability under tensile stress throughout
3000 bending cycles and down to 3 mm bending radius, proving their
compatibility with roll-to-roll production requirements and flexible
devices. Further, this study shows that the developed DMD electrodes
can be ideally combined with a low-temperature and solution-processed
mesoporous TiO2 layer to act as electron transport layer
for subsequent implementation in perovskite solar cells. As a proof-of-concept,
this approach yielded indium-free, flexible perovskite solar cells
on PET, with a power conversion efficiency of ∼8%.
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Goetz, Selina; Mehanni, Daniella; Bansal, Neha; Kubicek, Bernhard; Wibowo, Rachmat Adhi; Bauch, Martin; et al. (1753). Low-Temperature-Processed
Transparent Electrodes Based
on Compact and Mesoporous Titanium Oxide Layers for Flexible Perovskite
Solar Cells. ACS Publications. Collection. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c01129
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AUTHORS (14)
SG
Selina Goetz
DM
Daniella Mehanni
NB
Neha Bansal
BK
Bernhard Kubicek
RW
Rachmat Adhi Wibowo
MB
Martin Bauch
CL
Christian Linke
EF
Enrico Franzke
JW
Jörg Winkler
TM
Toby Meyer
SN
Stephanie Narbey
DS
David Stock
MV
Markus Valtiner
TD
Theodoros Dimopoulos
KEYWORDS
∼ 8 %.power conversion efficiencyperovskite solar cellsinert ar atmosphereindium – tinhigh deposition ratesapproach yielded indiumprocessed mesoporous tiowithout substrate heatingroll production requirementselectron transport layer2 subdeveloped dmd electrodestransparent electrodesdoped tiovisible transmittanceultrathin agsubsequent implementationsheet resistancemechanical stabilitymaterial selectionideally combinedflexible devicesfabrication processescompelling alternative10 ω