Electron Spectroscopy Study of Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2/Electrolyte Interface: Electronic Structure, Interface Composition,
and Device Implications
Posted on 2015-04-28 - 00:00
In recent years, there have been
significant efforts to understand
the role of the electronic structure of redox active materials according
to their performance and thermodynamic stability in electrochemical
storage devices and to develop novel materials with higher energy
density and higher power. It is generally recognized that transition
metal compounds used as a positive electrode determine the specific
capacity and the energy density of rechargeable batteries, while the
charge transfer resistance at the electrolyte–electrode interface
plays a key role in delivering the power of the electrochemical cell.
In the present work, we study the stability of LixNi0.2Co0.7Mn0.1O2 thin films through the evolution of the occupied and unoccupied
density of states as a function of the charging state of the electrode
as well as the physicochemical conditions influencing the ionic transport
across the electrode–electrolyte interface. A comprehensive
experimental quasi in situ approach has been applied
by using synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) and O K-edge and Co, Ni, Mn L-edges XANES. Our
experimental data demonstrate the change of the Fermi level position
with Li+ removal and Ni2+ → Ni4+ and Co3+ → Co4+ changes of oxidation
state for the charge compensation in the bulk of the material. As
is evidenced by the experimentally determined energy band diagram
of Lix≤1.0Ni0.2Co0.7Mn0.1O2 vs the evolution of the Fermi
level, no hole transfer to the O2p bands is observed up to a charging
state of 4.8 V, which evidences the thermodynamic stability of Lix≤1.0Ni0.2Co0.7Mn0.1O2 under high charging voltage in contrast
to LiCoO2. A very thin solid electrolyte interface layer
(less than 30 Å thickness) on the Lix≤1.0Ni0.2Co0.7Mn0.1O2 film
is formed in a decomposition reaction of the electrolyte also involving
the transition metal oxide. The enhanced concentration of lithium
in the interface layer correlates evidently with the electron transfer
to the transition metal sites changing their electronic configuration.
It is concluded that Lix≤1.0Ni0.2Co0.7Mn0.1O2 can serve
as a high energy density cathode material, but the delivery of high
power, which is a critical parameter for an electric vehicle, is strongly
influenced by the physicochemical conditions at the solid electrolyte
interface, which can suppress Li+ diffusion or even block
the Li+ paths across the interface.
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Cherkashinin, Gennady; Motzko, Markus; Schulz, Natalia; Späth, Thomas; Jaegermann, Wolfram (2016). Electron Spectroscopy Study of Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2/Electrolyte Interface: Electronic Structure, Interface Composition,
and Device Implications. ACS Publications. Collection. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5047534
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AUTHORS (5)
GC
Gennady Cherkashinin
MM
Markus Motzko
NS
Natalia Schulz
TS
Thomas Späth
WJ
Wolfram Jaegermann
KEYWORDS
stabilityenergy band diagramenergy density cathode material30 Å thicknesstransition metal siteselectrodeelectron Spectroscopy StudyFermi level positioninterface layer correlatesNielectrochemical storage devicesSXPStransition metal oxideO 2p bandstransition metal compoundselectrolyte interface layerenergy densityCoLiLixXANESphysicochemical conditionscharge transfer resistance