Cr Isotopes and the Engineered Attenuation of Cr(VI)-Rich Runoff

The leaching of lateritic soils can result in drainage waters with high concentrations of Cr­(VI). Such Cr­(VI)-rich waters have developed in streams that drain lateritic soils in Central Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. Chromium in this lateritic drainage system is removed by reduction of Cr­(VI) to Cr­(III) through two faucets delivering an FeSO₄ solution to the drainage waters. Cr stable isotope compositions from both water and sediment samples along the drainage path were used to evaluate the efficacy of this remediation strategy. Overall, dissolved [Cr­(VI)] decreased moving downstream, but there was an increase in [Cr­(VI)] after the first faucet that was effectively removed at the second faucet. This intermittent increase in [Cr­(VI)] was the likely result of oxidative remobilization of sediment Cr­(III) through reaction with Mn oxides. Cr isotope distributions reflect near quantitative reduction associated with the FeSO₄ faucets but also reveal that Cr isotope fractionation is imparted due to Cr redox cycling, downstream. During this redox cycling, fractionation appeared to accompany oxidation, with the product Cr­(VI) becoming enriched in ⁵³Cr relative to the reactant Cr­(III) with an apparent fractionation factor of 0.7 ± 0.3‰. This study suggests that while FeSO₄ effectively removes Cr­(VI) from the drainage, the presence of Mn oxides can confound attenuation and improvements to Cr­(VI) remediation should consider means of preventing the back reaction of Cr­(III) with Mn oxides.