GRL# Coupled Parameter Estimation based on Instantaneous Parameter Sensitivity

On coupled data assimilation based on the ensemble Kalman filter, cross-component parameter estimation, has not been as well-developed and applied as weakly coupled state and parameter estimation and cross-component state estimation. This discrepancy is partially attributed to the lack of emphasis on the instantaneous response of coupled model states to parameters across different components, which we define it as the instantaneous parameter sensitivity (IPS). Based on the IPS analysis, we infer the results of multiple parameter estimation, which are validated through a series of assimilation experiments.