Methylammonium-Free Perovskite: over 1000h Light Stable Perovskite Solar Module by process and interface optimization

Perovskite Solar Technology nowadays is reaching impressive results, with efficiencies over 25.5%. However, these results are based on small area cell (active area <0.09cm2). We need to bring these numbers over large areas to get the research community heard by companies and politics, achieving results on module base perovskite devices. Perovskite Solar Modules are formed by series-connected cells to limit series resistance occurring when the current is traveling in a long path before reaching the contact. A uniform deposition is necessary for large areas, and the use of the spin coating process must be limited to increase the throughput of the final device. The perovskite ink formulation is also fundamental at this stage to avoid antisolvent procedures that are difficult to upscale. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stability needs to be improved to have a robust and fair result to share with the research community and beyond. We took care of the perovskite ink formulation and process in this work by implementing a Methylammonium-Free Perovskite fabricated by gas-quenching assisted blade coating. We were able to upscale the device from 0.09cm 2 up to 16cm 2 , reaching efficiency up to 16.1%. Notably, we transfer this know-how on a different architecture and different substrate, going from rigid n-i-p structure to flexible p-in. By doing so, we were able to pursue our stability aim and improve intrinsic and extrinsic stability, showing over 1000h light soaking test with a T80' of 730h and a T80'' of 1560h after recovering the module in dark condition. These results might accelerate the standard requirements need for the commercialization and give a clear perspective of the subsequent future output of this technology.