Additional file 1 of Newly isolated Lactobacillus paracasei strain modulates lung immunity and improves the capacity to cope with influenza virus infection

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Administration of L. paracasei MI29 promotes the population of pDCs and monocytes. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to identify pDCs gated from CD45+CD11c+PDCA-1+cells and monocytes gated from CD45+CD11b+Ly6G− cells in lung tissues. Fig. S2. Oral administration of L. paracasei MI29 promotes host defense-related pathways in the lung from WT or A/PR8-infected mice. (a) Gene ontology assignments of differentially expressed genes significantly altered in the lungs from L. paracasei MI29-treated mice versus PBS or L. paracasei MI3-treated mice. (b) Gene ontology assignments of differentially expressed genes significantly altered in the lungs of A/PR8-infected mice treated with L. paracasei MI29 compared to those treated with PBS or L. paracasei MI3. Upregulated genes are shown for specific pathways of interest. Fig. S3. Oral administration of L. paracasei MI29 promotes the expression of genes related to the defense pathway in the lungs of WT or A/PR8-infected mice. (a) Volcano plot shows the log2-fold change in gene expression in the lungs of L. paracasei MI29-treated mice versus PBS or L. paracasei MI3-treated mice. (b) Volcano plot shows the log2 fold-change in gene expression in the lungs of A/PR8-infected mice treated with L. paracasei MI29 compared with those treated with PBS or L. paracasei MI3. Fig. S4. Metabolic profiles in the lung tissues from L. paracasei-treated mice. (a) Heat map displays the metabolic profiles in the lung tissues of mice treated with MI3 or MI29. (b) The principal component analysis plot shows the clustering between the mice treated with L. paracasei MI3 and MI29. A summary of metabolite enrichment analysis is provided based on the metabolites that showed significant variation in the lung tissues of MI29-treated mice compared with MI3-treated mice. Fig. S5. Characterization of L. paracasei to determine a novel strain. (a) Summary of genome annotation. Profiling of carbohydrate fermentation (b) and enzyme activity (c).