posted on 2019-01-29, 00:00authored byBo-yang Meng, Xiao-yan Li
A novel noninvasive
techniquemicroscopic laser-induced
fluorescence (micro-LIF)has been applied to achieve in situ
visualization of concentration polarization (CP) of nanoparticles
during cross-flow ultrafiltration at high resolutions. The reversible,
highly dynamic nature of CP and its sensitive response to the filtration
conditions were investigated and validated by direct visualization
of the CP layer and the well depicted concentration profile near the
membrane surface. Using micro-LIF, the formation of a CP layer during
filtration and its back-diffusion after the filtration ceased can
be directly observed. The dynamic variation of the CP layer with the
cross-flow velocity and transmembrane pressure (TMP) change has also
been demonstrated. The results showed that CP reached the steady state
approximately 1 min after the filtration condition change. A higher
cross-flow velocity and/or a lower TMP decrease the CP concentration
and thickness. Further quantitative analysis of the filtration test
results using the film theory model helps to obtain the particle concentration
at the membrane surface and the thickness of the CP layer (30–50
μm). Accordingly, the nature of CP dynamics was characterized
and the deficiency of the traditional CP model was explored.