cm8b04348_si_003.mpg (19.06 MB)
Genetically Encoded Stimuli-Responsive Cytoprotective Hydrogel Capsules for Single Cells Provide Novel Genotype–Phenotype Linkage
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posted on 2019-01-09, 00:00 authored by Rosario Vanella, Alfred Bazin, Duy Tien Ta, Michael A. NashModification of cell
surfaces with synthetic polymers is a promising
approach for regulating cellular behavior. Here, we describe a genetically
controlled strategy for selectively encapsulating single yeast cells
in synthetic microniches comprising cross-linked phenol-modified alginate
and chitosan hydrogel capsules. Our system links inducible gene expression
with enzyme-mediated hydrogel polymerization and provides a novel
genotype–phenotype linkage whereby only cells carrying a requisite
gene encoding a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidoreductase
undergo autonomous enzyme-mediated surface polymerization, resulting
in the formation of hydrogel capsules. The composition of the hydrogel
capsules is highly tunable and the capsule sizes are pH-responsive,
allowing for control of capsule porosity and shell diameters over
a range of 15–80 μm. The hydrogel capsules prevent extracellular
proteins from reaching the cell surface, thereby conferring cellular
immunity to lytic enzyme cocktails and rendering the hydrogel capsules
cytoprotective against osmotic shock. We demonstrate the utility of
this genetically controlled artificial hydrogel-encapsulated cell
phenotype by isolating and enriching uniform eukaryotic cell lineages
from genetically heterogeneous cell mixtures at 95–100% efficiency.
The encapsulated cells remained viable and were capable of dividing
and breaking free from their hydrogel capsules, allowing further propagation
of selected cells. Our bottom-up approach to cellular compartmentalization
links inducible intracellular genetic components with an artificial
extracellular matrix that resists enzymatic lysis and mediates communication
with the surrounding environment through a size-tunable and permeable
hydrogel capsule.
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lytic enzyme cocktailscompartmentalization links inducible intracellularenzyme-mediated surface polymerizationhydrogel-encapsulated cell phenotypeflavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidoreductaseenzyme-mediated hydrogel polymerizationhydrogel capsules cytoprotectivechitosan hydrogel capsulescross-linked phenol-modified alginatehydrogel capsulesGenetically Encoded Stimuli-Responsive Cytoprotective Hydrogel Capsulessystem links inducible gene expressionuniform eukaryotic cell lineages
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