posted on 2021-10-08, 11:34authored byXiaoxiao Han, Jianjun Zhu, Yawei Zhu, Gang Li, Zhiyong Liu
During the global
nuclear weapon tests, large amounts of radioactive
elements are released into the environment. Long-period actinide elements
such as Np, Pu, and Am exhibit different behaviors in various environments,
and their isotope characteristic fingerprints are of great significance
for studying the distribution, migration, and prediction of radioactive
pollutants. To investigate the distribution of 241Am and 237Np in southern China, activities of 241Am (0.008
± 0.012–0.932 ± 0.066 Bq/kg) and 237Np
(0.037 ± 0.003–1.458 ± 0.063 mBq/kg), 237Np/239Pu atom ratios (0.055 ± 0.003–0.864
± 0.054), and 241Am/239+240Pu activity
ratios (0.033 ± 0.075–15.870 ± 0.477) in 95 surface
sediment samples collected from the northern South China Sea and major
river basins were analyzed for the first time. Due to the different
scavenging mechanisms of Am and Pu, 241Am is preferentially
concentrated by sinking the particulate, while plutonium is scavenged
in the coastal area, resulting in a higher 241Am/239+240Pu activity ratio in estuary and coastal areas. The distribution
of 237Np shows obvious spatial inhomogeneity as the high
migration rate. The relevant fingerprint characteristic has changed
greatly and needs to be updated urgently. As a result of the convergence
of land and sea, 241Am, 239,240Pu, and 237Np are dominated by terrestrial sediments and deposited
in the coastal area of southern China, which should be paid more attention
to. This work can establish China’s current neptunium radioactivity
database, and the difference in Np, Pu, and Am scavenging processes
may be a powerful tool for evaluating the impact of the Pearl River
Estuary salt tide.