Flexible
and lightweight supercapacitors with satisfactory energy
density and long-term stability are urgently required to provide power
for flexible, foldable, and wearable electronic devices. Herein, reedlike
carbon nanofibers (RCNFs) with hierarchical macropores in the core
and micropores and honeycomb mesopores in the shell are designed by
electrospinning, carbonization, and etching, leading to high electronic
conductivity and satisfactory mechanical flexibility and foldability.
Subsequently, flowerlike Ni–Co–S nanoarrays are grown
in situ on RCNFs by electrodeposition, and fern leaf-like Fe2O3–C core–shell nanoneedles, in which porous
Fe2O3 are coated with ultrathin carbon layers,
are decorated on RCNFs via hydrothermal synthesis, polydopamine modification,
and thermal annealing. Because of unique core–shell structures
and synergistic effects of these active components, the RCNF@Ni–Co–S
cathode and the RCNF@Fe2O3–C anode exhibit
high specific capacitances of 1728 and 221.5 F g–1 at 1 A g–1, respectively. With a poly(vinyl alcohol)
(PVA)/potassium hydroxide (KOH) solid gel as both an electrolyte and
a separator, the assembled flexible quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor
achieves a high energy density of 44.9 W h kg–1 at
1549.7 W kg–1, and the capacitance remains at 94%
after bending the asymmetric supercapacitor to 180°. The flexible
electrodes with excellent electrochemical performances are highly
promising for high-performance wearable energy storage devices.