ULF waves with drift resonance and drift-bounce resonance energy sources as observed in artificially-induced HF radar backscatter

HF radar backscatter which has been artificially-induced by a high power RF facility such as the EISCAT heater at Tromsø has been demonstrated to provide ionospheric electric field data of unprecedented temporal resolution and accuracy. Here such data are used to investigate ULF wave processes observed by the CUTLASS HF radars. Within a short period of time during a single four hour experiment three distinct wave types are observed with differing periods, and latitudinal and longitudinal phase evolution. Combining information from the three waves allows them to be divided into those with a large-scale nature, driven externally to the magnetosphere, and those with small azimuthal scale lengths, driven by wave-particle interactions. Furthermore, the nature of the wave-particle interactions for two distinct small-scale waves is revealed, with one wave interpreted as being driven by a drift resonance process and the other by a drift-bounce resonance interaction. Both of these mechanisms with m ≈ -35 and proton energies of 35–45 keV appear to be viable wave energy sources in the postnoon sector.