Status-induced Warburg metabolic enzymes.

(A) The mRNA expression of Warburg metabolic enzyme isoforms is elevated after kainate-induced SE. Quantitative RT-PCR detection of HK II, PKM2 and LDHA gene expression levels from the hippocampi of the 3-, 5- and 7-day post-status epilepticus mice in (kainate treated) compared to control (saline) mice. (B) The protein expression of Warburg metabolic enzyme isoforms is elevated after kainate-induced SE. Representative and quantified western blots of hippocampal extracts from 3-, 5- or 7-day kainate (KA), or control saline (Sal) are shown for PKM2, LDHA, and actin (loading control). (n = 3–5 for each group). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P <0.05, **P < 0.01 by unpaired student’s t-test using Prism 9.0 (Graphpad). Refer to supplemental materials for more details on the number of replicates and statistical analyses for each experiment.

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