posted on 2021-09-08, 21:05authored byRory Runser, Moses Kodur, Justin H. Skaggs, Deniz N. Cakan, Juliana B. Foley, Mickey Finn, David P. Fenning, Darren J. Lipomi
This paper describes the efficacy
of barrier films coated with
single- and multi-layer graphene in preventing degradation of perovskite
films in air. Despite the impermeability of graphene to small species
such as water and oxygen, the presence of numerous grain boundaries
and defects in chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene monolayer
films can present pathways for permeation. However, the availability
of these pathways can in principle be reduced by stacking multiple
layers of graphene on top of each other. The barrier material considered
here consists of the semi-permeable polymer parylene laminated with
either 0, 1, 2, or 3 monolayers of graphene. These composite films
are used to encapsulate triple cation perovskite films, which are
then subjected to a degradation test under damp heat. We find that
a monolayer of graphene confers a 15-fold reduction in degradation
compared to the parylene films with no graphene and that three-layer
graphene can yield a further 2× reduction in degradation. Although
all of our films encapsulated with graphene/parylene exhibited substantial
degradation compared to films encapsulated in glass with polyisobutylene
edge seals, our results nonetheless reinforce the utility of graphene
barriers for less demanding applications, including lightweight or
flexible perovskite solar cells with shorter anticipated lifetimes.