pone.0258136.s004.docx (26.02 kB)

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posted on 2021-10-08, 17:24 authored by Craig A. DeMars, Sophie Gilbert, Robert Serrouya, Allicia P. Kelly, Nicholas C. Larter, Dave Hervieux, Stan Boutin

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species already endangered adult female survival may also exert influence resource availability adverse climatic conditions vital rates appeared div >< p increasingly impact populations climatic variation may annual climatic variation vital rates climatic variation responses may annual variation minimal impact greater influence phenological conditions density populations caribou populations 21 populations explained variation year prior woodland caribou wildlife management warming climate various intervals variable winters ungulates suggests results highlight recovery actions productivity refugia potentially facilitated plant phenology novel predators northward expansion much focus meteorological conditions life history juvenile recruitment increased relevance energy expenditure direct effects density ungulate demographic responses declining trajectories climate change caribou demography apparent competitors

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