posted on 2021-07-12, 22:03authored bySneha Gupta, Arun Kumar Teotia, Irfan Qayoom, Parvaiz Ahmad Shiekh, Syed Muntazir Andrabi, Ashok Kumar
The
periosteum is an indispensable part of the bone that nourishes
the cortical bone and acts as a repertoire of osteoprogenitor cells.
Periosteal damage as a result of traumatic injuries, infections, or
surgical assistance in bone surgeries is often associated with a high
incidence of delayed bone healing (union or nonunion) compounded with
severe pain and a risk of a secondary fracture. Developing bioengineered
functional periosteal substitutes is an indispensable approach to
augment bone healing. In this study, we have developed a biomimetic
periosteum membrane consisting of electrospun oxygen-releasing antioxidant
polyurethane on collagen membrane (polyurethane–ascorbic acid–calcium
peroxide containing fibers on collagen (PUAOCC)). Further, to assist
bone formation, we have developed a bioactive inorganic–organic
composite cryogel (bioglass–collagen–gelatin–nanohydroxyapatite
(BCGH)) as a bone substitute. In an in vitro simulated oxidative stress
model, PUAOCC supported the primary periosteal cell survival. Moreover,
in an in vivo, critical-sized (5.9 mm × 3.2 mm × 1.50 mm)
unicortical rat tibial bone defect, implantation of PUAOCC along with
the functionalized BCGH led to significant improvement in bone formation
along with periosteal regeneration. The periosteal regeneration was
confirmed by expression of periosteum-specific periostin and neuronal
regulation-related protein markers. Our study demonstrates the development
of a periosteum-mimicking membrane with promising applications to
facilitate periosteal regeneration, thus assisting bone formation
when used in combination with bone composites and mimicking the natural
bone repair process.