Perceptions of study participants who completed post-encounter surveys (n = 27).

¹Patient satisfaction survey utilized a 1–5 Likert scale, with 5 being ’very satisfied’ and 1 being ’very dissatisfied.’ Adapted from Howard et al., 2014 [3]. ²Bedside ultrasound survey utilized a 1–5 Likert scale, with 5 being ’strongly agree’ and 1 being ’strongly disagree.’ ³The responses to these survey questions were averaged to calculate the “magnitude of PPCE” variable. ⁴Provider competence survey utilized a 1–5 Likert scale, with 5 being the highest and 1 being the lowest. Adapted from Claret et al., 2016 [4]. ⁵Provider empathy survey required replacing "Dr. X" with the provider’s name and utilized a 1–7 Likert scale, with 7 being ’strongly agree’ and 1 being ’strongly disagree.’ Adapted from Hojat et al., 2011 [12]. The responses to these survey questions were averaged to calculate the “provider empathy” variable.

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