posted on 2021-01-25, 14:59authored bySheetal
K. Jain, Tarnuma Tabassum, Li Li, Limin Ren, Wei Fan, Michael Tsapatsis, Stavros Caratzoulas, Songi Han, Susannah L. Scott
Phosphorus-modified siliceous zeolites,
or P-zeosils, catalyze
the selective dehydration of biomass derivatives to platform chemicals
such as p-xylene and 1,3-butadiene. Water generated
during these reactions is a critical factor in catalytic activity,
but the effects of hydrolysis on the structure, acidity, and distribution
of the active sites are largely unknown. In this study, the P-sites
in an all-silica self-pillared pentasil (P-SPP) with a low P-loading
(Si/P = 27) were identified by solid-state 31P NMR using
frequency-selective detection. This technique resolves overlapping
signals for P-sites that are covalently bound to the solid phase,
as well as oligomers confined in the zeolite but not attached to the
zeolite. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization provides the sensitivity necessary
to conduct 29Si-filtered 31P detection and 31P–31P correlation experiments. The aforementioned
techniques allow us to distinguish sites with P–O–Si
linkages from those with P–O–P linkages. The spectra
reveal a previously unappreciated diversity of P-sites, including
evidence for surface-bound oligomers. In the dry P-zeosil, essentially
all P-sites are anchored to the solid phase, including mononuclear
sites and dinuclear sites containing the [Si–O–P–O–P–O–Si]
motif. The fully-condensed sites evolve rapidly when exposed to humidity,
even at room temperature. Partially hydrolyzed species have a wide
range of acidities, inferred from their calculated LUMO energies.
Initial cleavage of some P–O–Si linkages results in
an evolving mixture of surface-bound mono- and oligonuclear P-sites
with increased acidity. Subsequent P–O–P cleavage leads
to a decrease in acidity as the P-sites are eventually converted to
H3PO4. The ability to identify acidic sites
in P-zeosils and to describe their structure and stability will play
an important role in controlling the activity of microporous catalysts
by regulating their water content.