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Obesity and sarcopenic obesity characterized by low-grade inflammation are associated with increased risk for major depression in women

Version 5 2024-06-27, 05:46
Version 4 2024-06-14, 17:18
Version 3 2024-06-07, 00:59
Version 2 2024-06-03, 01:16
Version 1 2023-10-23, 03:28
journal contribution
posted on 2024-06-27, 05:46 authored by Julie PascoJulie Pasco, Michael BerkMichael Berk, B Penninx, Natalie HydeNatalie Hyde, KL Holloway-Kew, Emma WestEmma West, MA Kotowicz, Kara AndersonKara Anderson, A O’Neil, PG Rufus-Membere, Lana WilliamsLana Williams
BackgroundWe aimed to determine women’s risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in relation to obesity phenotypes characterized by levels of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).MethodsThis population-based retrospective cohort study comprised 808 women (ages 20–84 y) recruited 1994–1997 and followed for a median 16.1 y (IQR 11.9–16.8). At baseline, body fat and lean tissue mass were measured by whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Obesity was identified as high fat mass index (>12.9 kg/m2), body fat percentage (≥35%) and body mass index (≥30 kg/m2); sarcopenic obesity referred to a high ratio fat mass/fat-free mass (≥0.80). Systemic inflammation was operationalized as serum hsCRP concentration in the upper tertile (>2.99 mg/L). Obesity phenotypes were: non-obese + lowCRP, non-obese + highCRP, obese + lowCRP, and obese + highCRP. During follow-up, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID-I/NP) was used to identify lifetime history of MDD and age of onset. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the MDD rate for each obesity phenotype during follow-up. Demographic, health and lifestyle factors were tested as potential confounders.ResultsDuring 11,869 p-y of follow-up, 161 (19.9%) women experienced an MDD episode. For obesity phenotypes based on fat mass index, models adjusted for baseline age and prior MDD, and non-obese + lowCRP as reference, RR for non-obese + highCRP was 1.21 (95% CI 0.80, 1.82), obese + lowCRP 1.46 (0.86, 2.47) and obese + highCRP 1.56 (1.03, 2.37). Patterns were similar for obesity by body fat percentage, body mass index and sarcopenic obesity.ConclusionConsistently across different obesity definitions, this longitudinal study reports that women with both obesity and systemic inflammation are at increased risk of subsequent MDD. Future research should examine whether tackling this metabolically unhealthy obesity type – through, for example, lifestyle or medication approaches – can reduce depression risk.

History

Journal

Frontiers in Nutrition

Volume

10

Article number

ARTN 1222019

Pagination

1222019-

Location

Switzerland

ISSN

2296-861X

eISSN

2296-861X

Language

eng

Publication classification

C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA