posted on 2023-12-30, 14:03authored byPablo Graván, Jesús Peña-Martín, Julia López de Andrés, María Pedrosa, Martín Villegas-Montoya, Francisco Galisteo-González, Juan A. Marchal, Paola Sánchez-Moreno
Nanotechnological
platforms offer advantages over conventional
therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. However, the efficient biointerfacing
of nanomaterials for biomedical applications remains challenging.
In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) with different coatings have
been developed to reduce nonspecific interactions, prolong circulation
time, and improve therapeutic outcomes. This study aims to compare
various NP coatings to enhance surface engineering for more effective
nanomedicines. We prepared and characterized polystyrene NPs with
different coatings of poly(ethylene glycol), bovine serum albumin,
chitosan, and cell membranes from a human breast cancer cell line.
The coating was found to affect the colloidal stability, adhesion,
and elastic modulus of NPs. Protein corona formation and cellular
uptake of NPs were also investigated, and a 3D tumor model was employed
to provide a more realistic representation of the tumor microenvironment.
The prepared NPs were found to reduce protein adsorption, and cell-membrane-coated
NPs showed significantly higher cellular uptake. The secretion of
proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytes after incubation with
the prepared NPs was evaluated. Overall, the study demonstrates the
importance of coatings in affecting the behavior and interaction of
nanosystems with biological entities. The findings provide insight
into bionano interactions and are important for the effective implementation
of stealth surface engineering designs.