posted on 2024-02-03, 14:03authored byDeep Shankar, Sudhakar C Jambagi, Niranjan Gowda, K S Lakshmi, K J Jayanthi, Vikash Kumar Chaudhary
Assessing blood compatibility is crucial before in vivo
procedures
and is considered more reliable than many in vitro tests. This study
examines the physiochemical properties and blood compatibility of
bioactive powders ((0.5–2 wt % carbon nanotube (CNT)/alumina)-20
wt %)) produced through a heterocoagulation colloidal technique followed
by ball milling with hydroxyapatite (HAp). The 1 wt % CNT composite
demonstrated a surface charge ∼5 times higher than HAp at pH
7.4, with a value of −11 mV compared to −2 mV. This
increase in electrostatic charge is desirable for achieving hemocompatibility,
as evidenced by a range of blood compatibility assessments, including
hemolysis, blood clotting, platelet adhesion, platelet activation,
and coagulation assays (prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial
thrombin time (aPTT)). The 1 wt % CNT composite exhibited hemolysis
ranging from 2 to 7%, indicating its hemocompatibility. In the blood
clot investigation, the absorbance values for 1–2 wt % CNT
samples were 0.927 ± 0.038 and 1.184 ± 0.128, respectively,
indicating their nonthrombogenicity. Additionally, the percentage
of platelet adhered on the 1 wt % CNT sample (∼5.67%) showed
a ∼2.5-fold decrement compared to the clinically used negative
control, polypropylene (∼13.73%). The PT and aPTT experiments
showed no difference in the coagulation time for CNT samples even
at higher concentrations, unlike HAC2 (80 mg). In conclusion, the
1 wt % CNT sample was nontoxic to human blood, making it more hemocompatible,
nonhemolytic, and nonthrombogenic than other samples. This reliable
study reduces the need for additional in vitro and in vivo studies
before clinical trials, saving time and cost.