Difficult at dusk? Illuminating the debate on cricket ball visibility
Objective
Investigate the visibility of new and old red, white and pink cricket balls under lighting and background conditions experienced during a day-night cricket match.
Design
We modelled the luminance contrast signals available for a typical observer for a ball against backgrounds in a professional cricket ground, at different times of day.
Method
Spectral reflectance (light reflected as a function of wavelength) was derived from laboratory measurements of new and old red, white and pink balls. We also gathered spectral measurements from backgrounds (pitch, grass, sightscreens, crowd, sky) and spectral illuminance during a day-night match (natural afternoon light, through dusk to night under floodlights) from Lord's Cricket Ground (London, UK). The luminance contrast of the ball relative to the background was calculated for each combination of ball, time of day, and background surface.
Results
Old red and old pink balls may offer little or no contrast against the grass, pitch and crowd. New pink balls can also be of low contrast against the crowd at dusk, as can pink and white balls (of any age) against the sky at dusk.
Conclusion
Reports of difficulties with visibility of the pink ball are supported by our data. However, our modelling also shows that difficulties with visibility may also be expected under certain circumstances for red and white balls. The variable conditions in a cricket ground and the changing colour of an ageing ball makes maintaining good visibility of the ball a challenge when playing day-night matches.
History
Publication status
- Published
File Version
- Accepted version
Journal
Journal of Science and Medicine in SportISSN
1440-2440Publisher
Elsevier BVPublisher URL
External DOI
Department affiliated with
- Psychology Publications
Institution
University of SussexFull text available
- Yes
Peer reviewed?
- Yes