pone.0256694.s001.pdf (70.76 kB)
Contribution of crop and off-farm income to household annual income for different per capita per person income levels.
journal contribution
posted on 2021-09-10, 17:33 authored by Shah-Al Emran, Timothy J. Krupnik, Sreejith Aravindakshan, Virender Kumar, Cameron M. PittelkowA = Per capita income per day ≥ 2 dollars, B = Per capita income per day = 1 to 1.99 dollar, C = Per capita income per day = 0.5 to 0.99 dollar, and D = Per capita income per day < 0.5 dollar.
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variation among householdssouth asia ’panel survey datasetfarming challenges crop management practicesbring smallholder householdsasset endowment 2005 – 2015smallholder farming systemsoutside polder systemsincreasing crop productivityeconomic status level crop productivitygreater cropping intensitydiv >< pindividual variables contributingpesticide input usehousehold income generationfarm characteristics level productivitycropping intensitybased systemssocioeconomic statusfarm incomefarm characteristicsefficient usevariables related32 variablesfactors contributingtaken placesustainable developmentstrongest rolerecent decadesparticularly relatedoutput marketsmain roadskey pathwayskey driverintegrated assessmentinput availabilityincreased fertilizerimproving livelihoodsimpacted farmhousehold distanceformer highlightsfood securityfarm activitiesextension servicesexpanding opportunitiesdecreases observedcoastal embankmentcoastal bangladeshcoastal areascoastal areaclimate risksboosting farmagricultural intensification31 %),
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