pone.0295946.s003.docx (75.68 kB)
Candidate models assessing whether male and female Atlantic puffin adult head+bill (HB), wing chord (WC), ratio between bill depth and wing chord (BD:WC), and the ratio between bill area and wing chord (BA:WC) are a function of SST anomaly, mean maximum air temperature, and prey quality fed to chicks.
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posted on 2024-01-17, 18:24 authored by Heather L. Major, Joy E. Rivers, Quinn B. Carvey, Antony W. DiamondAll data are from Machias Seal Island, 1995–2011. Models were general linear models run using the “nlme” R package in the RStudio environment and include the term Fledge Year as a random effect.
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thermoregulatory structures differphenotypic plastic responsesmachias seal islandlacking fitness benefitsincredible shrinking puffinincreasing air temperaturesfratercula arctica changing thermoregulatory requirementsassessed clinal variationasked whether changessmall adults ),thermoregulatory structures increasediv >< pgom ), locatedatlantic puffins nestingbody size decreasesmsi ),small fledgerspuffins nestingworld ’wing chordwaters existwarming fastersouthern endsouthern edgeseabird morphologyrules suggestresults suggestrecent yearsproportional sizeorganisms particularlyocean warmingmorphological plasticitymay helpmarine specieslabrador currentfledgling sizefledgling puffinsdecreasing sizecold locationsbody sizebergmann ’although studiesallen ’adult puffins
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