posted on 2022-01-06, 19:03authored byAarti Upadhyay, Paramita Kundu, Vanitha Ramu, Paturu Kondaiah, Akhil R. Chakravarty
[Pt(RB)(Cur)]NO3 (RBC), [Pt(IRB)(Cur)]NO3 (IRBC), and
[Pt(L)(Cur)]NO3 (PBC), where HCur is curcumin,
L is 1-benzyl-2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole,
and RB and IRB are red-light-active non-iodo and diiodo-BODIPY tagged
to L, respectively, were synthesized and characterized, and their
anticancer activities were studied (BODIPY, boron-dipyrromethene). RBC and IRBC displayed BODIPY-centered absorption
bands within 615–635 nm along with the respective curcumin
bands at 445 and 492 nm in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)–Dulbecco’s
phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS). Emission bands were observed at
723 and 845 nm for RBC and IRBC, respectively,
in 10% DMSO–DPBS. RBC (ΦΔ, 0.27) and IRBC (ΦΔ, 0.40) generated
singlet oxygen in red light (λ = 642 nm) as evidenced from 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran
(DPBF) titrations. The formation of 1O2 from
BODIPY and HO• from the curcumin was evidenced from
the mechanistic pUC19 DNA photocleavage studies. The BODIPY complexes
showed photocytotoxicity in A549, HeLa, and MDA-MB-231 cells while
being less toxic in the dark [IC50: 1.3–6.9 μM,
red light; 7.2–12.8 μM, 400–700 nm visible light].
The emissive RBC displayed localization in the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER). Apoptotic cell death was evidenced from the Annexin-V/fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) assay and green fluorescence
in red light in the Fluo-4 AM assay due to ER stress, and mitochondrial
dysfunction was evidenced from the 5,5,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine
iodide (JC-1) assay in A549 cells.