Phylogeny of great apes based on mtDNA sequence variation and composition of host gut microbiota.

(A) mtDNA phylogeny. (B) Gut microbiota phylogeny. Color-coding of terminal branches leading to great ape hosts corresponds to those in Figure 1. Internal branches of these trees (thick grey lines), although of different relative lengths, show identical branching orders. In (A), the internal nodes were all supported with bootstrap values greater than 98%; in (B), each internal node showed bootstrap support greater than 98%, except that leading to chimpanzees, which had 68% support.