Box and whisker plots of nitrate uptake velocity (ʋ_f) in the buried and open reaches in Cincinnati, Ohio and Baltimore, Maryland, as reported in Beaulieu et al. [20] and Pennino et al. [21].

Literature data were derived from a recent survey of 72 streams spanning several biomes and land-use conditions [16]. Plots display 10^th, 25^th, 50^th, 75^th, and 90^th percentiles and individual data points outside the 10^th and 90^th percentiles. Nitrate uptake velocity was 13 times greater in open than buried reaches (p<0.001, paired t-test).