Provinces in Thailand reporting lumpy skin disease outbreaks (left). The study area is highlighted in yellow. The area with a thick border depicts the northern region of Thailand (right). The map was generated using QGIS (version 3.18.2), QGIS Geographic Information System, and Open–Source Geospatial Foundation Project, and all content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 license (CC BY–SA), available at (https://qgis.org). In addition, geographical materials used for creating the map (e.g., shape file) were supported by Chiang Mai University. The authors specify that this figure is licensed under CC BY 4.0.