Serum SCFAs concentrations changed after MCAO modeling and the SHD treatment after stroke recovered the SCFAs levels in rats (n = 6).

(A) Three-dimensional principal component analysis plot showing the serum SCFAs composition among the Ctrl, Sham, Model, and SHD groups. (B) Heatmap represented the changes of individual SCFAs in serum. (C-J) Concentrations of total SCFAs, acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and caproic acid of four groups were shown as box diagrams. Statistical significance was considered at * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001.