For each gene set in the top 20 GSEA gene sets that were enriched in pretreatment tumor tissues of responders (A) and nonresponders (B) with LUAD, the enrichment scores and dispersions were calculated using singscore. Red circles denote responders (n = 4); cyan circles, nonresponders (n = 11). The enrichment scores were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.