pone.0296894.s002.tif (1.5 MB)
Scatter plots displayed the casual effects of serum ALT and AST levels on the risk of DR overall and T2DM with DR.
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posted on 2024-01-17, 18:31 authored by Yang Li, Qiu Zhang(A) is for ALT on DR overall. (B) is for ALT on T2DM with DR. (C) is for AST on DR overall. (D) is for AST on T2DM with DR.
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wide association studysup >&# 8722single nucleotide polymorphismspotential biological mechanismspleiotropy residual summultivariable mendelian randomization5 × 10serum aspartate aminotransferaseserum alanine aminotransferasewide significance (<independent causal effectdiabetic microvascular complicationsalp ), gamma206 – 1115 – 1univariable mendelian randomizationthree mvmr approachesprevious observational investigationsfive uvmr approachesdiabetes risk factorsindependent causal effectsggt ),diabetic retinopathyclinical significancecausal effectscausal associationsserum altuvmr revealeduk biobanksignificant associationssensitivity analysesminimization methodsliver enzymeslevel statisticslevel increasedglutamyl transferasegenetic instrumentsfinngen consortiumextended versionsearly preventionalkaline phosphatase017 ).006 ).
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