LepA applied IA into ipsilateral ICA at reperfusion prevents apoptosis.

(A) Representative TUNEL analysis images indicating increased CA1 cell death in saline treated mice versus LepA treated mice. Nuclear signal (magenta) represents fragmented DNA in nucleus (Dapi; blue) of dying cell. (B) Less TUNEL staining was evident in following LepA treatment compared to saline (n = 10, unpaired two-tailed Mann-Whitney U = 4.5, p = 0.0002). (C) Representative images of caspase3 staining following ischemia and reperfusion. Caspase3 was evident in (1) CA1 region of IR/saline-injected mice (arrows), but not in (2) IR/LepA-injected counterparts. (D) Less caspase3 positive cells were evident in the IR/saline group compared to IR/LepA group (n = 9, unpaired two-tailed Student t-test, t₍₁₆₎ = 2.485, p = 0.0244). Scale bars are 100 μm.