Innate Ym1 promotes type 2 cytokine production in the lung during N. brasiliensis infection.

(a) Time-line of infection with N. brasiliensis (500 L3’s) and dosing with anti-Ym1 or IgG2a. (b) Expression of Il4, Il5 and Il13 mRNA in whole lung tissue of uninfected (UI) or N. brasiliensis infected mice (D6) treated intraperitoneally with anti-Ym1 or IgG2a (n = 6 per group; data are shown as mean ± sem; two-way ANOVA with Sidak multi-comparison test; NS not significant, **P<0.01 ****P<0.0001 compared to UI IgG2a treated; ✝✝ P<0.01 compared to UI anti-Ym1; #P<0.05 and ### P<0.001 IgG2a infected compared to anti-Ym1 infected mice; data representative of 2 independent experiments). (c) The number of ILC2s expressing intracellular IL-5 or IL-13 within the lungs of mice as in b. Single cell lung suspensions were stimulated ex vivo with PMA and ionomycin, graphs show absolute number of cytokine positive cells per g of lung tissue (n = 6 per group; data are shown as mean ± sem; two-way ANOVA with Sidak multi-comparison test; ****P<0.0001 compared to UI IgG2a treated; ✝ P<0.05 compared to UI anti-Ym1; ##P<0.01 and ### P<0.001 IgG2a infected compared to anti-Ym1 infected mice; data representative of 2 independent experiments). (d) Expression of IL-13 in CD4⁺ T cells from mice as described in b. (e) RELMα levels secreted into the BAL of mice as in b (n = 6 per group; data are shown as mean ± sem; two-way ANOVA with Sidak multi-comparison test; ****P<0.0001 compared to UI IgG2a treated; ✝ P<0.05 compared to UI anti-Ym1; ##P<0.01 IgG2a infected compared to anti-Ym1 infected mice; data representative of 2 independent experiments). (f) Absolute number of eosinophils from lungs of mice as in b (n = 6 per group; data are shown as mean ± sem; two-way ANOVA with Sidak multi-comparison test; ****P<0.0001 compared to UI IgG2a treated; ✝ P<0.05 compared to UI anti-Ym1; #P<0.05 IgG2a infected compared to anti-Ym1 infected mice; data representative of 2 independent experiments).