ppat.1010162.g003.tif (812.79 kB)

Inflammatory innate immune response in pigtail macaques challenged with SARS-CoV-2.

figure

posted on 2021-12-20, 18:43 authored by Alexandra Melton, Lara A. Doyle-Meyers, Robert V. Blair, Cecily Midkiff, Hunter J. Melton, Kasi Russell-Lodrigue, Pyone P. Aye, Faith Schiro, Marissa Fahlberg, Dawn Szeltner, Skye Spencer, Brandon J. Beddingfield, Kelly Goff, Nadia Golden, Toni Penney, Breanna Picou, Krystle Hensley, Kristin E. Chandler, Jessica A. Plante, Kenneth S. Plante, Scott C. Weaver, Chad J. Roy, James A. Hoxie, Hongmei Gao, David C. Montefiori, Joseph L. Mankowski, Rudolf P. Bohm, Jay Rappaport, Nicholas J. Maness

A. Changes in serum/plasma cytokine levels at 6-, 14- and 21-days post SARS-CoV-2 infection (dpi). Data represent fold changes from baseline. B. Changes in coagulation biomarkers in plasma at 4-, 6-, 14- and 21-dpi. Data are fold changes from baseline. C. Ratio of Kynurenine (Kyn) to Tryptophan (Trp) as a measure of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. D-E. Frequency of Natural Killer (NK, CD45+ CD3- HLA-DR-/lo CD8+) cells in the blood (D) or BAL (E) at baseline and 6-, 14- and 21-days post infection (dpi). Bars represent median. F. Absolute number of neutrophils pre- and post- SARS-CoV-2 infection. G. Absolute number of lymphocytes pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. H. Changes in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Panels C and D. Baseline: n = 4, Day 6: n = 4, Day 14: n = 2, Day 21: n = 2; Panel E. Baseline: n = 3, Day 6: n = 4, Day 14: n = 2, Day 21: n = 2; Panels F-H. Baseline: n = 3, Day 1: n = 4, Day 4: n = 4 Day 6: n = 4, Day 14: n = 2, Day 21: n = 2. Panels C-H. Day 0 = day of infection. Kruskal-Wallis comparison of overall means (P_KW) was used to determine significance. P values ≤0.05 reported.