Identification of hub genes from common DEGs between healthy subjects and patients with ES.

(A) Volcano plot of the DEGs (absolute log₂FoldChange >1 and adjusted p-value <0.05) between healthy subjects and ES patients in GSE17679. (B) Volcano plot of the DEGs (absolute log₂FoldChange >1 and adjusted p-value <0.05) between healthy subjects and patients with ES in GSE68776. (C) Venn plot for the DEGs (absolute log₂FoldChange >2 and adjusted p-value <0.01) in GSE17679 and GSE68776. (D) LASSO coefficient profiles for the genes screened by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in 10-fold cross-validations. (E) Partial likelihood deviance with alteration of the log(λ) plotted by LASSO regression in 10-fold cross-validations. (F) The importance score of the genes varied with the running times of the Boruta feature selection; the x-axis represents running times of the Boruta feature selection, and the y-axis represents the importance score. (G) Importance score of the genes screened by LASSO regression; the x-axis represents the genes screened by LASSO regression, and the y-axis represents the importance score calculated by the Boruta feature selection. (H) PPI network analysis for the common DEGs: red and yellow nodes indicate the top 50 genes by Cytohubba (color intensity indicates greater maximum clique centrality [MCC] value). DEGs, differentially expressed genes; ES, Ewing sarcoma; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; PPI, protein–protein interaction.