Sleep deprivation
Research Outline. 8 AM: Baseline, 60 Min PS: 60 minutes after supplementation, 5 Min PT: 5 minutes after the test, 360 PT: 360 minutes after the test. NSCM: Natural sleep with caffeine and melatonin, NSP: Natural sleep with placebo, ISCM: Interrupted sleep with caffeine and melatonin, and ISP: Interrupted sleep with placebo
Fig 2: A schematic representation of the protocol: At 8 AM (BASE), participants began the procedure. Sixty minutes after supplementation, they performed a 5-minute warm-up followed by a Wingate test consisting of a 20-second sprint with 20 seconds of rest, followed by twelve 4-second sprints with 10 seconds of rest. Measurements were taken at various points, including 60 minutes post-supplementation (60 Min PS), 5 minutes post-test (5 Min PT), and 360 minutes post-test (360 Min PT).
Fig 3a: The WBC values at 360 min-PT in the ISP group showed a significant increase compared to the NSCM group (P ≤ 0.05). In the within-group comparisons, the WBC concentration at 60 min-PS in the NSP, NSCM, ISP, and ISCM groups significantly increased compared to 5 min-PT (P ≤ 0.05) (46.88%, 39.07%, 41.36%, and 46.59%, respectively). The WBC in the NSP, NSCM, and ISCM groups at 60 min-PS significantly increased compared to 360 min-PT (P ≤ 0.05) (33.77%, 27.35%, and 24.18%, respectively). Additionally, the WBC concentration in the NSP, NSCM, ISP, and ISCM groups at BASE significantly increased compared to 5 min-PT (P ≤ 0.05) (35.87%, 42.01%, 41.2%, and 48.39%, respectively). A significant decrease in WBC concentration was observed in the ISP and ISCM groups at 5 min-PT compared to 360 min-PT (P ≤ 0.05) (57.14% and 41.93%, respectively). At BASE, a significant increase in WBC concentration was observed in the NSCM and ISCM groups compared to 360 min-PT (P ≤ 0.05) (30.85% and 26.75%, respectively). Furthermore, in the NSP group, a significant decrease was observed at BASE compared to 60 min-PS (P ≤ 0.05) (20.72%).
Fig 3b: No significant difference was observed in NLR values in the between-group comparison (P = 0.05). In the within-group comparisons, the NLR values in the NSP, NSCM, ISP, and ISCM groups at BASE were higher than at 360 min-PT (50.05, 47.76, 39.55, and 49.89, respectively). Additionally, the NLR values in the NSP, ISP, and ISCM groups at 60 min-PS were higher than at 360 min-PT (42.36, 39.7, and 53.94, respectively). At 5 min-PT compared to 360 min-PT, the NLR was higher in the NSP, NSCM, ISP, and ISCM groups (48.36, 50.59, 52.25, and 70.66, respectively).
Fig 3c: No significant difference was observed in PLR values in the between-group comparison (P = 0.05). In the within-group comparisons, there was a significant increase in the NSP group at BASE compared to 60 min-PS (22.75). Additionally, the PLR values in the NSP and ISP groups at BASE significantly increased compared to 360 min-PT (38.8 and 30.11, respectively). However, at 60 min-PS, significant decreases were observed in the NSP, ISP, and NSCM groups compared to 5 min-PT (45.76, 58.75, and 70.82, respectively). There was also a significant decrease at BASE compared to 5 min-PT in the NSCM and ISCM groups (49.19 and 66.25, respectively). The PLR values in the NSP, NSCM, ISP, and ISCM groups at 5 min-PT showed a significant increase compared to 360 min-PT (41.08, 45.25, 42.42, and 45.5, respectively).
Fig 3d: No significant difference was observed between groups in SII values (P = 0.05). However, significant within-group differences over time were observed in the NSP, ISP, and ISCM groups (P ≤ 0.05). In the within-group comparisons, there was a significant increase at BASE compared to 360 min-PT in the NSP, ISP, and ISCM groups (48.3, 53.11, and 50.21, respectively). Additionally, at 60 min-PS compared to 360 min-PT, significant increases were observed in the NSP, ISP, and ISCM groups (42.52, 41.8, and 55.95, respectively). The SII values in the ISP and ISCM groups at 5 min-PT showed a significant increase compared to 360 min-PT (54.64 and 63.42, respectively).
Fig 4 a: Mean and standard deviation, mean peak power (watts per kilogram of body weight).
Fig 4b: Mean and standard deviation, mean anaerobic power (W).
Fig4 c: Mean and standard deviation of the fatigue index. NSCM: Natural sleep with caffeine and melatonin, NSP: Natural sleep with placebo, ISCM: Interrupted sleep with caffeine and melatonin, and ISP: Interrupted sleep with placebo.
