Fecal SCFA concentrations changed after MCAO modeling and the SHD treatment after stroke restored the SCFAs levels in rats (n = 6).

(A) Three-dimensional principal component analysis plot showing clustering of the fecal SCFA compositions. (B) Heatmap showing the changes in individual fecal SCFAs. (C-J) Concentrations of total SCFAs, acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and caproic acid were presented as box plots. Statistical significance was considered at * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.