Experimental design.

Arrows on brain model indicate stimulation site (DLPFC = purple, vertex = orange). Participants were asked to study 2 lists of 10 words over 12 runs. During encoding of List 2, 45 pulses of 1 Hz rTMS were applied to the left DLPFC (MNI coordinates: −45, 6, 39) or vertex. Memory performance was assessed as percentage of correctly recalled words per list. The data and scripts used to generate this figure can be found at https://osf.io/dyxjv/. DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation.