Consequence of BbAFP1 targeted gene deletion and overexpression on Trichoderma sp. antifungal activity.

(A, B) Representative images and quantification of fungal growth inhibition using protein fractions released from conidia (ultrasonic treatment) of B. bassiana wild type, ΔBbAF1P and BbAFP1^OE as evaluated against Trichoderma sp. growth in PDB, 28 h post-treatment. (C, D) B. bassiana-Trichoderma sp. co-culture experiments. Representative images and quantification of B. bassiana wild type, ΔBbAF1 and BbAFP1^OE on conidial germination of Trichoderma sp. on CZA using a B. bassiana test strain:Trichoderma sp. initial conidial ratio = 10:1. Growth inhibition was evaluated after 17 h of co-cultivation. Black arrows indicate Trichoderma sp. (E) B. bassiana test strain-Trichoderma sp co-cultivation using an initial conidial ratio = 10:1 and plated on CZA 4 d post-coinoculation. Red arrows indicate Trichoderma sp. colonies. All experiments were performed in triplicate with at least three independent biological samples. Error bars = SD, ** indicates P < 0.01, t-test.