Comparing steady states in BM3.

Steady state organic carbon (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) and ammonium concentrations in the bulk liquid for the three different BM3 cases (HA: High ammonium, SC: Standard case, LA: Low ammonium) across 7 model implementations (W: a one-dimensional continuum biomass model run on the AQUASIM software [53] and developed by Peter Reichert and Oskar Wanner [54,55], M1: a variant of the W model with a fixed boundary-layer thickness by Eberhard Morgenroth et al. [56], DN: a two-dimensional cellular automaton model developed by Daniel Noguera and colleagues [57], CP: a two-dimensional individual-based model, with biomass spreading via shoving, developed by Cristian Picioreanu and colleagues [58], NUFEB: a three-dimensional individual-based model by Li et al. [21], iD: an individual-based model by Lardon et al. [17] (iDynoMiCS 1), iD2: iDynoMiCS 2.0, either with shoving algorithm similar to iD or the new Force-based Mechanics). Data and analysis are included in Table I in S1 Text.