CVB3 infection of triggers increases in purine and pyrimidine metabolites in HeLa cells.

¹³C-glucose isotope tracing study in mock- and CVB3-infected HeLa R19 cells (MOI 5, three replicates; one of three representative experiments is shown). Cells were infected, lysed at 2,4,6 or 8 hpi and measured by LC-MS to identify metabolites and quantify the different isotopologues. The different isotopologues are not distinguished in this Figure. A) Heatmap of log2 fold changes of the indicated metabolites between CVB3- and mock-infected cells. Log2 fold changes are calculated based on the mean of three replicates. B) Absolute peak areas of representative nucleotide monophosphates, nucleosides and nucleobases in mock and CVB3-infected cells. C) Absolute peak areas of dihydroorotate and N-carbamoylaspartate in mock and CVB3-infected cells. The p-values were calculated using linear mixed effect models with an interaction of time and treatment and a random effect of replicate. A rank transformation on the data was performed to ensure a normal distribution of the residuals. For hypoxanthine and guanosine, a normal distribution of the residuals could not be assumed and therefore a non-parametric linear mixed effect model with an interaction of time and treatment and a random effect of replicate was performed. Afterwards, a contrast analysis was done to calculate the p-values between specific groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.