CQ and HCQ inhibited autophagy and the canonical NF-κB pathway in ATLL cell lines.

(A) Representative confocal immunofluorescence of LC3 in KK1 and S1T cells after treatment with either 50 μM CQ or 25 μM HCQ for 24 hours. Scale bar 10μm. (B) Western blot analysis of CADM1, p47, and the indicated NF-κB and autophagic signaling proteins in S1T cell lines was performed after treatment with either 50 μM CQ or 25 μM HCQ for 6, 12, 18, or 24 hours. β-actin was used as a loading control. The cropped gels/blots are shown in the figure, and the full-length gels/blots are presented in S1 Raw images. (C) LC3-II turnover is presented as the mean ± SD (n = 2 independent experiments, representative blot was shown at Fig 2A). *p < 0.05, **p<0.01 compared to the control.