Blocking ROS production inhibits M2 but promotes M1 macrophage differentiation in S. japonicum-infected mice.

(A) ROS production in macrophages from normal or infected mice was detected by FCM using the ROS-sensitive probe DCFH-DA. Normal, uninfected mice. (B and C) S. japonicum-infected mice were treated with saline or Apo. Expression of CD16/32 (M1) and CD206 (M2) on F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected by FCM analysis. Representative histograms gated on F4/80⁺ macrophages were shown (B). The bar graphs show the average percentages of F4/80⁺CD16/32⁺ M1 or F4/80⁺CD206⁺ M2 macrophages (C). Data are expressed as the means ± SD of four mice per group and representative of three independent experiments. ***P<0.001.