Biofilms promote altruism case study.

Rate Strategist (RS, blue) and Yield Strategist (YS, red) competitions using the shoving algorithm in BacSim [59] (reproduced from “Kreft J-U (2004). Biofilms promote altruism. Microbiology 150: 2751–2760” with permission) were replicated in iDynoMiCS 2.0 with its force-based mechanics. Cells were initially placed in alternating, equidistant positions with increasing density from 5 cells per strategy (Scenario 1: a-b), 10 cells each (Scenario 2: e-h) to 50 cells each (Scenario 3: i-l and c-d). iDynoMiCS 2.0 panels show local oxygen concentration as a linear gray-level gradient from zero oxygen (0 mg L^-1, white) to a maximum concentration (S_{ox_bulk} = 1 mg L^-1, black). Block 1 shows 3-week-old biofilms. Block 2 zooms into panels i and j. Block 3 shows 10-week-old biofilms developed from the 3-week-old biofilms shown in the same position on the left.