Average formed callus.

Average total callus formed including simultaneous depiction of the average callus formed individually by Calcein green (white part of bar graph) and Alizarin red (grey part of bar graph). The amount of callus was measured in mm² and is shown according to respective treatment group (number of treatment(s) and applied energy flux intensity (mJ/mm²)). Portrayed is the average total callus of the dorsal, the endosteal and the ventral aspect of the fracture callus. Values are shown as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the total callus. Adjusted p-values were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 (One-way analysis of variance (SPSS Statistics Version 23; IBM Corp., New York, NY, USA), Welch-Test adjusted, and Bonferroni post hoc test). * p < 0.05 vs. SHAM, Δ p < 0.05 vs. 1 x 0.35 mJ/mm2. mm: milli-meter, mJ: milli-Joule.